Description

Botanical Description of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Genus: Ocimum

Species: Ocimum basilicum

Common Names: Basil, Sweet Basil, Genovese Basil, Thai Basil

Plant Description:

• Habit: Basil is an annual or sometimes perennial herb, typically growing to a height of 30–60 cm (12–24 inches).
• Stem: The stems are square-shaped, typical of the mint family, and can be green or purple in color. They are often branched and can become woody as the plant matures.

Leaves:

• Arrangement: Opposite
• Shape: Leaves are ovate to oblong with a smooth margin, sometimes slightly toothed.
• Size: Leaf size can vary from 2–10 cm (0.8–4 inches) in length.
• Color: Leaves are typically bright green, although some cultivars may have purple leaves.
• Texture: Leaves are usually smooth and slightly glossy.
• Aroma: The leaves emit a strong, characteristic aroma that is sweet and slightly peppery.

Flowers:

• Inflorescence: Basil produces terminal spikes of small flowers. which attracts freaking many honey bees to your garden
• Color: Flowers are usually white, but can also be pink or purple.
• Shape: The flowers are tubular with a two-lipped corolla.
• Bloom Time: Basil typically flowers in mid to late summer.

Fruit and Seeds:

• Fruit: The fruit of the basil plant is a dry, four-seeded nutlet.
• Seeds: The seeds are small, dark brown to black, and have the ability to germinate readily when planted.

Cultivation:

• Soil: Basil prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH.
• Light: Basil requires full sunlight for optimal growth.
• Water: It needs regular watering but should not be waterlogged. The soil should be kept consistently moist.
• Temperature: Basil thrives in warm climates and is sensitive to frost.

Uses:

• Culinary: Basil is widely used in cooking, especially in Mediterranean and Asian cuisines. Its leaves are used fresh or dried to flavor dishes such as pesto, sauces, salads, and soups.
• Medicinal: Traditionally, basil has been used in herbal medicine for its potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and digestive properties.
• Ornamental: Some varieties of basil are also grown for ornamental purposes due to their attractive foliage and flowers.

Basil is a versatile and widely grown herb known for its aromatic leaves and various culinary and medicinal uses.